考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題

2025考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題

　　英語考試的目的是科學、公正、有效地測試考生對英語語言的運用能力，評價的標準時高等學校非英語專業(yè)本科畢業(yè)生所能達到的及格或及格以上水平。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題，希望大家認真閱讀!

　　考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題 1

　　Text 4

　　In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.

　　The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor’s decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.

　　Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.

　　The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".

　　The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."

　　But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.

　　Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.

　　The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

　　36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court

　　[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.

　　[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.

　　[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.

　　[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.

　　【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.

　　37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves

　　[A] leaking secrets intentionally.

　　[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.

　　[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.

　　[D] breaking contracts officially.

　　【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.

　　38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are

　　[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

　　[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.

　　[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.

　　[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

　　【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

　　39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to

　　[A] awaken the conscience of officials.

　　[B] guarantee fair play in official access.

　　[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.

　　[D] inspire hopes in average people.

　　【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.

　　40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is

　　[A] sarcastic.

　　[B] tolerant.

　　[C] skeptical.

　　[D] supportive

　　【答案】[D] supportive

　　考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題 2

　　New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.

　　Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.

　　The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.

　　Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.

　　New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but its still fun to visit.

　　1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans? a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city. b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years. c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently. d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled. 2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.

　　a.France

　　b.Britain

　　c.Spain

　　d.The North

　　3.The Code Napoleon was _______. a.an agreement to sell Louisiana b.a body of laws

　　c.a city plan

　　d.a military code for the army

　　4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?

　　a.Pride in their French heritage.

　　b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings. c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerce d.A praising of Dixieland Jazz. 5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to

　　encounter_____.

　　a.Creole food

　　b.Dixieland jazz

　　c.bustling city

　　d.authentic colonial homes

　　答案： bbbcc

　　考研英語一閱讀理解練習試題 3

　　Bernard Bailyn has recently reinterpreted the early history of the United States by applying new social research findings on the experiences of European migrants. In his reinterpretation, migration becomes the organizing principle for rewriting the history of preindustrial North America. His approach rests on four separate propositions.

　　The first of these asserts that residents of early modern England moved regularly about their countryside; migrating to the New World was simply a “natural spillover”. Although at first the colonies held little positive attraction for the English — they would rather have stayed home — by the eighteenth century people increasingly migrated to America because they regarded it as the land of opportunity. Secondly, Bailyn holds that, contrary to the notion that used to flourish in America history textbooks, there was never a typical New World community. For example, the economic and demographic character of early New England towns varied considerably.

　　Bailyn’s third proposition suggest two general patterns prevailing among the many thousands of migrants: one group came as indentured servants, another came to acquire land. Surprisingly, Bailyn suggests that those who recruited indentured servants were the driving forces of transatlantic migration. These colonial entrepreneurs helped determine the social character of people who came to preindustrial North America. At first, thousands of unskilled laborers were recruited; by the 1730’s, however, American employers demanded skilled artisans.

　　Finally, Bailyn argues that the colonies were a half-civilized hinterland of the European culture system. He is undoubtedly correct to insist that the colonies were part of an Anglo-American empire. But to divide the empire into English core and colonial periphery, as Bailyn does, devalues the achievements of colonial culture. It is true, as Bailyn claims, that high culture in the colonies never matched that in England. But what of seventeenth-century New England, where the settlers created effective laws, built a distinguished university, and published books? Bailyn might respond that New England was exceptional. However, the ideas and institutions developed by New England Puritans had powerful effects on North American culture.

　　Although Bailyn goes on to apply his approach to some thousands of indentured servants who migrated just prior to the revolution, he fails to link their experience with the political development of the United States. Evidence presented in his work suggests how we might make such a connection. These indentured servants were treated as slaves for the period during which they had sold their time to American employers. It is not surprising that as soon as they served their time they passed up good wages in the cities and headed west to ensure their personal independence by acquiring land. Thus, it is in the west that a peculiarly American political culture began, among colonists who were suspicious of authority and intensely anti-aristocratic.

　　1. Which of the following statements about migrants to colonial North America is supported by information in the text?

　　[A] A larger percentage of migrants to colonial North America came as indentured servants than as free agents interested in acquiring land.

　　[B] Migrants who came to the colonies as indentured servants were more successful at making a livelihood than were farmers and artisans.

　　[C] Migrants to colonial North America were more successful at acquiring their own land during the eighteenth century than during the seventeenth century.

　　[D] By the 1730’s, migrants already skilled in a trade were in more demand by American employers than were unskilled laborers.

　　2. The author of the text states that Bailyn failed to

　　[A] give sufficient emphasis to the cultural and political interdependence of the colonies and England.

　　[B] describe carefully how migrants of different ethnic backgrounds preserved their culture in the United States.

　　[C] take advantage of social research on the experiences of colonists who migrated to colonial North America specifically to acquire land.

　　[D] relate the experience of the migrants to the political values that eventually shaped the character of the United States.

　　3. Which of the following best summarizes the author’s evaluation of Bailyn’s fourth proposition?

　　[A] It is totally implausible.

　　[B] It is partially acceptable.

　　[C] It is highly admirable.

　　[D] It is controversial though persuasive.

　　4. According to the text, Bailyn and the author agree on which of the following statements about the culture of colonial New England?

　　[A] High culture in New England never equaled the high culture of England.

　　[B] The cultural achievements of colonial New England have generally been unrecognized by historians.

　　[C] The colonists imitated the high culture of England, and did not develop a culture that was uniquely their own.

　　[D] The southern colonies were greatly influenced by the high culture of New England.

　　5. The author of the text would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about Bailyn’s work?

　　[A] Bailyn underestimates the effects of Puritan thought on North American culture.

　　[B] Bailyn overemphasizes the economic dependence of the colonies on Great Britain.

　　[C] Bailyn’s description of the colonies as part of an Anglo-American empire is misleading and incorrect.

　　[D] Bailyn failed to test his propositions on a specific group of migrants to colonial North America.

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