- 相關(guān)推薦
考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，許多人都需要跟練習(xí)題打交道，通過(guò)這些形形色色的習(xí)題，使得我們得以有機(jī)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)事物的方方面面，認(rèn)識(shí)概括化圖式多樣化的具體變式，從而使我們對(duì)原理和規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)更加的深入。那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，一份好的習(xí)題是什么樣的呢？下面是小編精心整理的考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析 1
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.
[B] New runways would be constructed.
[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.
[D] The fashion industry would decline.
【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined
【解析】 推斷題。根據(jù)France定位到文章前兩段，第一段講法國(guó)決定時(shí)裝業(yè)失去了定義(define)形體美(physical beauty)的絕對(duì)權(quán)力。法國(guó)的立法者通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)法律，雇用超瘦的模特屬于犯罪，議會(huì)也禁止網(wǎng)站通過(guò)推崇極端節(jié)食“鼓動(dòng)過(guò)度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以傷害身體健康為代價(jià)的外表來(lái)界定。”由此可知，法國(guó)通過(guò)立法手段來(lái)改變法國(guó)時(shí)裝業(yè)模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀，即[A]項(xiàng)的“形體美將會(huì)被重新定義”，是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的合理推斷。[B]項(xiàng)“將會(huì)建造新的舞臺(tái)”，[C]項(xiàng)“有關(guān)節(jié)食的網(wǎng)站將會(huì)興起”，[D]項(xiàng)“時(shí)裝業(yè)將會(huì)衰退”，均不能從文中推測(cè)出來(lái)，屬于“無(wú)中生有”。
22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____
[A] heightening the value of.
[B] indicating the state of.
[C] losing faith in.
[D] doing harm to.
【答案】 [D] doing harm to
【解析】猜詞題。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他們建議美麗不應(yīng)該以 身體健康為代價(jià)的外表來(lái)界定。”impinging on后面的賓語(yǔ)為“health”，即對(duì)健康的某種影響。根據(jù)第二段第三句“對(duì)超瘦模特的禁令似乎不僅僅是在防止模特挨餓致死——正如曾有人這么做過(guò)的”，可見(jiàn)法國(guó)目前的對(duì)美麗的定義導(dǎo)致了有人為了保持身材，挨餓致死，因此推測(cè)出這一短語(yǔ)在這里的意思為“侵犯，傷害”，[D]項(xiàng)“對(duì)……有害”正確。[A]項(xiàng)“增強(qiáng)了……的價(jià)值”，[B]項(xiàng)“反映了……的狀態(tài)”，[C]項(xiàng)“對(duì)……失去信心”均不符合句意。
23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
[A] The French measures have already failed.
[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.
[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.
[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.
【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麥，它正嘗試為模特設(shè)定自愿的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)……”，可知[B]項(xiàng)“在丹麥新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正在被設(shè)定”是對(duì)原文的同義替換。[A]項(xiàng)“法國(guó)的措施失敗了”;[C]項(xiàng)“不再有來(lái)自同行執(zhí)法的壓力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，屬于“正反混淆”;[D]項(xiàng)“它固有的問(wèn)題變得更嚴(yán)重了”，文中第五段只提及時(shí)裝業(yè)有固有的問(wèn)題，并未提及“變得更嚴(yán)重”，屬于“無(wú)中生有”。
24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____
[A] setting a high age threshold for models.
[B] caring too much about models’ character.
[C] showing little concern for health factors.
[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.
【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors
【解析】推斷題。題設(shè)為“一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)師很可能因?yàn)槭裁丛虮籆FW拒絕”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞CFW可回到文中定位至倒數(shù)第二段，該段提到丹麥的時(shí)尚界就有關(guān)模特的年齡、健康及其他特性的內(nèi)容達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn)，且一項(xiàng)新法案也明確規(guī)定，他們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到時(shí)尚界對(duì)于人們尤其是年輕人的身體健康所帶來(lái)的影響，并且應(yīng)該對(duì)此承擔(dān)責(zé)任，這一法規(guī)的執(zhí)行方式就是拒絕一些設(shè)計(jì)師和模特經(jīng)紀(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)參加哥本哈根時(shí)裝周(CFW)。因此[C]項(xiàng)的“不關(guān)心健康因素”符合題意，為正確答案。[D]項(xiàng)“追求完美的身體狀況”，[B]項(xiàng)的“過(guò)多關(guān)注模特的性格”，[A]項(xiàng)“設(shè)定了一個(gè)模特高齡門(mén)檻”，均不符合題意。
25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry
[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
【解析】主旨題。本文從首段就開(kāi)始闡述法國(guó)通過(guò)立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，時(shí)裝業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了定義女性身體之美的絕對(duì)權(quán)力，且議會(huì)也禁止網(wǎng)站通過(guò)宣傳過(guò)度節(jié)食來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)度消瘦。第二段繼續(xù)說(shuō)明美麗不能只看外表，更不能以犧牲健康為代價(jià)，時(shí)裝業(yè)應(yīng)該為傳遞給女性的不良信息負(fù)責(zé)。第三段說(shuō)明女性不該讓他人來(lái)評(píng)判自己的美麗。第四段講法國(guó)的措施更多的是依靠嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。最后三段提到了丹麥與法國(guó)截然不同的措施�？v觀全文，文章主要在講各個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)解決目前模特超瘦的現(xiàn)狀的措施，因此[D]項(xiàng)的“對(duì)時(shí)裝業(yè)身體典范的挑戰(zhàn)”是對(duì)原文的“高度概括”。
Text 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to
[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.
[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.
[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.
【答案】[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized
【解析】這是一道事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞The Supreme Court回文定位到第一段的第二句話，“The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest”,一一比對(duì)選項(xiàng)，原文中的“police can search for the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant”與選項(xiàng)C “check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized”是同義替換，其他選項(xiàng)均是無(wú)關(guān)選項(xiàng)。
27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A] disapproval.
[B] indifference.
[C] tolerance.
[D]cautiousness.
【答案】[A] disapproval
【解析】本題是觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題，考察作者的態(tài)度。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“California’s argument”，可以定位到文章第四段第一句“They should start by discarding California’s lame argument…”。由第四段第一句話中的“discard(拋棄)”和“l(fā)ame(沒(méi)有說(shuō)服力的)”可以看出作者對(duì)于California’s argument 是不支持的態(tài)度，因此選A。
28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] getting into one’s residence.
[B] handling one’s historical records.
[C] scanning one’s correspondences.
[D] going through one’s wallet.
【答案】[A] getting into one’s residence
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the author believes和“exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to”可回文定位到文章第四段第三句“But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home”，選項(xiàng)A語(yǔ)義與之一致，其中，getting into與entering對(duì)應(yīng)，one’s residence與his or her home對(duì)應(yīng)，故A選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
29. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to
[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.
[B] the court is giving police less room for action.
[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.
[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.
【答案】[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected
【解析】根據(jù)題干信息In paragraphs 5and 6定位第5段第一句話“Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy.及第6段最后一句話，...and they could take reasonable measures to.....，可推知作者的顧慮，因此答案為C.
30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.
[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.
[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.
[D]principles of the Constitution should never be altered
【答案】[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly
【解析】這是一道例證題，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Orin Kerr可以回文定位到文章最后一段。作者引用Orin Kerr這個(gè)人的比較是為了說(shuō)明相關(guān)的論點(diǎn)。分析最后一段結(jié)構(gòu)可知，最后一段的第三句和第四句都是在闡述該例子本身，所以相關(guān)論點(diǎn)應(yīng)該往前面找，即是第二句話，“New，disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protection”,選項(xiàng)A與之同義替換，其中，be implemented和applications對(duì)應(yīng)，novel和flexibly對(duì)應(yīng)。
Text 3
“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with
[A] tolerance
[B] skepticism
[C] uncertainty
[D] approval
【答案】[B]
【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干問(wèn)的是作者對(duì)有關(guān)CSR方面Milton Friedman的說(shuō)法是什么態(tài)度。根據(jù)信號(hào)詞Milton Friedman這個(gè)人定位到首段。注意題干問(wèn)的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but轉(zhuǎn)折處。But后句子的主干為：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可見(jiàn)作者對(duì)Milton Friedman所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容并不完全贊同，故選擇答案[B]項(xiàng)懷疑。[A]項(xiàng)容忍，[C]項(xiàng)不確定，[D]項(xiàng)贊同，這三項(xiàng)均不是作者的態(tài)度，故排除。
32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by
[A] winning trust from consumers.
[B] guarding it against malpractices.
[C] protecting it from being defamed.
[D] raising the quality of its products.
【答案】[A]
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways. This指的是CSR，根據(jù)接下來(lái)講到的三點(diǎn)：第一點(diǎn)是，消費(fèi)者認(rèn)為這樣的公司產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量比較高;第二點(diǎn)是，顧客更愿意購(gòu)買(mǎi)這樣公司的產(chǎn)品;第三點(diǎn)是，通過(guò)一個(gè)更為廣泛的“暈輪效應(yīng)”，消費(fèi)者會(huì)更多地考慮這樣的公司的產(chǎn)品。可知，有CSR支出的公司會(huì)吸引更多的消費(fèi)者，[A]項(xiàng)“贏得消費(fèi)者的信任”，是對(duì)整個(gè)三點(diǎn)的總結(jié)，故為正確答案。[B]項(xiàng) 防止公司里的玩忽職守，[C]項(xiàng) 保護(hù)公司免受毀謗，[D]項(xiàng) 提升公司產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。
33. The expression “more lenient’ (Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to
[A] more effective
[B] less controversial
[C] less severe
[D] more lasting
【答案】[C]
【解析】猜詞題。根據(jù)題干中的出處提示“l(fā)ine 2, para. 4”及信號(hào)詞“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明顯此句中more lenient 修飾 penalties(懲罰) ，要想推測(cè)出more lenient的含義，需要知道被起訴的公司中，那些有著全面的CSR項(xiàng)目的公司和penalties 之間的聯(lián)系。本項(xiàng)在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出來(lái)，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有較大投資的公司，當(dāng)被起訴有賄賂行為時(shí)，所受到的罰金要比通常的罰金低40%左右，可知這樣的公司會(huì)受到較輕的懲罰，故more lenient是較輕，即較不嚴(yán)重的意思，故選[C]項(xiàng)。[A]項(xiàng) 更有效的，[B]項(xiàng) 較少有爭(zhēng)議的，[D]項(xiàng) 更持久的，這三項(xiàng)均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。
34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record
[A] has an impact on their decision.
[B] comes across as reliable evidence.
[C] increases the chance of being penalized.
[D] constitutes part of the investigation.
【答案】[A]
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是 CSR record 與 prosecutors evaluate a case 的`關(guān)系，根據(jù)題干中的信號(hào)詞prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。這里的be influenced與[A]項(xiàng) has an impact 對(duì)應(yīng)，即一個(gè)公司的CSR會(huì)影響檢察官對(duì)其案件的評(píng)估，故選[A]項(xiàng)。[B]項(xiàng)被檢察官認(rèn)為是可靠的證據(jù)，[C]項(xiàng) 增加了被懲罰的機(jī)會(huì)，[D]項(xiàng) 構(gòu)成了調(diào)查的一部分，這三項(xiàng)均在原文中沒(méi)有提及，故排除。
35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?
[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.
[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.
[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.
[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.
【答案】[B]
【解析】判斷題題干問(wèn)的是根據(jù)最后一段，有關(guān)CSR的論述哪個(gè)是對(duì)的。定位到原文最后一段，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容可知“研究人員承認(rèn)到其研究沒(méi)有回答如下問(wèn)題：公司應(yīng)該在CSR方面花費(fèi)多少錢(qián)”。[B]項(xiàng)的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花費(fèi)是未知的”，屬于原文的同義替換，故正確。[A]項(xiàng) CSR對(duì)公司的負(fù)面影響經(jīng)常被忽視，[C]項(xiàng) 公司對(duì)CSR的經(jīng)濟(jì)承擔(dān)力被過(guò)高估計(jì)了，[D]項(xiàng) CSR給銀行業(yè)帶來(lái)了很多好處，這三項(xiàng)在文中均為提及，故排除。
Text 4
Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.
Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .
As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.
In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.
In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.
The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.
36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by
[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.
[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.
[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.
【答案】[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism
【解析】通過(guò)題干可以將此題鎖定在前兩段。第一段指出Elisabeth談到了“我們很多機(jī)構(gòu)都面臨著令人沮喪的正直感的喪失”。接下來(lái)第二句指出這種正直感的喪失是因?yàn)榇蠹移毡檎J(rèn)為社會(huì)中唯一的分類(lèi)機(jī)制(sorting mechanism)應(yīng)該是利益和市場(chǎng)。而從第一段最后一句我們看出，她認(rèn)為“應(yīng)該是我們?nèi)祟?lèi)自己創(chuàng)造我們想要的社會(huì)，而不應(yīng)該是利益”�？梢�(jiàn)，Elisabeth很不認(rèn)可目前的這種分類(lèi)機(jī)制(sorting mechanism)以及所造成的不良后果，這也正是她感到沮喪的原因。故A選項(xiàng)consequence of the current sorting mechanism(目前這種分類(lèi)機(jī)制的后果)是真正讓她沮喪的原因。
37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime
[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.
[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.
[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.
【答案】[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking
【解析】第三段第一句指出，Andy Coulson因?yàn)閰⑴c手機(jī)黑客案件被裁定有罪，然而他的前任卻被認(rèn)定是無(wú)罪的。通過(guò)這一事件，作者得出由此造成的道德淪喪廣泛?jiǎn)栴}依然存在(the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands)。即仍然存在一些人沒(méi)有被裁定有罪。接著文章指出了在新聞業(yè)中，已經(jīng)有記者被認(rèn)定非法侵入用戶手機(jī)。而還有一些在等待審判(others await trial)，由此可以推出，將會(huì)有更多的記者因?yàn)樯婕笆謾C(jī)黑客案件而被裁定有罪。故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。
38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference
[A] revealed a cunning personality
[B] centered on trivial issues
[C] was hardly convincing
[D] was part of a conspiracy
【答案】[C] was hardly convincing
【解析】根據(jù)題干中的“defence”可以回文定位到文章第四段最后一句話。該句指出Ms. Brooks辯護(hù)成功的關(guān)鍵在于她對(duì)這個(gè)事件一無(wú)所知(she knew nothing)。而作者在該段第一句話中指出，道德喪失不僅體現(xiàn)在普遍存在的手機(jī)黑客這一事實(shí)上，更體現(xiàn)在一些審判案件所使用的條款上，其中最震驚的就是對(duì)Ms. Brooks的審判�？梢�(jiàn)，作者對(duì)該案的審判持否定態(tài)度。因此，認(rèn)為她的辯護(hù)是不可信的。故正確答案為C。
39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows
[A] generally distorted values
[B] unfair wealth distribution
[C] a marginalized lifestyle
[D] a rigid moral cote
【答案】[A] (generally distorted values)
【解析】通過(guò)題干中的“collective doctrine”可以直接定位到文中第五段第三行。該句指出“collective doctrine”是社會(huì)的分類(lèi)機(jī)制應(yīng)該是利益。接下來(lái)可以看出，那些真正起作用的是那些表示利益的詞“efficiency，flexibility，shareholder value，business-friendly，wealth generation…”，而表示公平、正義的詞(Justice，fairness，tolerance…)則被置于邊緣�？梢�(jiàn)，這種教義(collective doctrine)只關(guān)注利益，而忽略了公平與正義，這顯然是一種扭曲的價(jià)值觀。故A選項(xiàng)正確。
40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?
[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.
[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.
[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.
[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.
【答案】[C] moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper
【解析】這是一道開(kāi)放式推理題。作者在最后一段前兩句話指出，新聞報(bào)道的目的不是為了促進(jìn)讀者的理解，也不是為了追求公平或者違背人類(lèi)共有的人性，而是通過(guò)追求發(fā)行量的影響率來(lái)破壞人們的生活。即文章從一開(kāi)始指出的一個(gè)問(wèn)題，為了追求利益而造成了正值感的喪失。從“ruin”一詞可以看出，作者對(duì)新聞?dòng)浾叩倪@一行為持否定的態(tài)度。并且通過(guò)Ms. Brooks女士的行為加以佐證。作者通過(guò)正話反說(shuō)的方式，突出新聞報(bào)道過(guò)程中正值感的重要性。故正確答案為C，moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper(在新聞報(bào)道中，道德意識(shí)很重要)，其中moral awareness和integrity是同義互換。
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
[A] Create a new image of yourself
[B] Decide if the time is right
[C] Have confidence in yourself
[D] Understand the context
[E] Work with professionals
[F] Know your goals
[G] Make it efficient
No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in fast impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems , face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41_________________
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.
【答案】[B]
【解析】此段第一句話主句里面說(shuō)“在過(guò)渡的階段提升自我形象尤其有用”。第二句和第三、四句分別展開(kāi)說(shuō)明，第二句表明：如果你處在變動(dòng)的時(shí)期或者感覺(jué)需要變動(dòng)，那么可能這可能是一個(gè)好的時(shí)機(jī)。相反，第三、四句話表示：如果不確定的話，就需要得到別人的反饋了，也許無(wú)需提升。故整段的意思是說(shuō)要先確定是否現(xiàn)在是提升自我形象的正確時(shí)機(jī)。故答案為[B]項(xiàng)。
42.__________________
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
【答案】[F]
【解析】此段中心句即第一句話，表明“要清楚你想要的結(jié)果或影響”。其實(shí)就是你想要的目標(biāo)。緊接著開(kāi)始解釋?zhuān)岬奖热�，你是否想要更新你的形�?那么，對(duì)于一個(gè)人來(lái)講，這個(gè)目標(biāo)可能是要變得嚴(yán)肅些或者要加強(qiáng)專(zhuān)業(yè)的形象。對(duì)于其他人，這個(gè)目標(biāo)可能是要變得更平易近人，或者是更現(xiàn)代化、更時(shí)尚。對(duì)于那些要從金融轉(zhuǎn)到廣告的，他們可能得看起來(lái)更“SOHO”�？梢�(jiàn)整段都在講目標(biāo)，[F]項(xiàng)中的“goal”與之對(duì)應(yīng)，故為答案。
43.____________________
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand te cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
【答案】[D]
【解析】本段主要闡述的內(nèi)容是要觀察你的工作環(huán)境，認(rèn)清環(huán)境中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并且最后一句說(shuō)你對(duì)周?chē)奈幕h(huán)境理解得越清晰，你越能控制你的影響�？芍径沃饕褪钦f(shuō)要理解周?chē)沫h(huán)境，故選[D]項(xiàng)。
44._____________________
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
【答案】[E]
【解析】本段第一句提到：要獲得專(zhuān)家的支持，和他們分享你的目標(biāo)和周?chē)h(huán)境，后面又提到可以雇傭造型師、攝影師等等，可見(jiàn)本段主要講的就是征詢專(zhuān)家的意見(jiàn)、和專(zhuān)家合作，故選[E]項(xiàng)。
45_____________________
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time excessing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes …. once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.
【答案】[G]
【解析】此段第二句句首出現(xiàn)instead，這種轉(zhuǎn)折連詞后面往往是作者要表述的重要內(nèi)容。該句講的是“最好是將形象升級(jí)當(dāng)作是減少?zèng)Q定疲勞的機(jī)會(huì)”，即減少做決定，緊接著提到“選取一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的工作服或幾個(gè)其他的選擇。和造型師一起把衣服一下子都買(mǎi)了，而不是一個(gè)人購(gòu)買(mǎi)，或者一次只買(mǎi)一件”。這些提到的都是要有效率。故選[G]項(xiàng)。
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese .You translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEKT. (10 points)
Mental health is our birthright. (46) We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy ;it it built into us that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like the immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we dont understand the value of mental health and we dont know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem - confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives - the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism. (48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles ,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for soving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.
(49) Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought .(50) As you will come to see ,knowing that mental heath is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
46. We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone.
【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】此句中分號(hào)連接了兩個(gè)并列句。第一個(gè)句子中how to be mentally healthy作learn的賓語(yǔ)。第二個(gè)句子主干是it is built into us，in the same way引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明built into us的方式，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾way，其中定語(yǔ)從句中how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone作know的賓語(yǔ)。
【參考譯文】我們無(wú)需刻意去學(xué)習(xí)怎樣才能讓心理健康;它正如我們的身體知道怎樣愈合傷口和修復(fù)骨折一樣，是根植于我們體內(nèi)的/是我們與生俱來(lái)的能力。
47. Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.
【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】此句中分號(hào)連接了兩個(gè)并列句。第一個(gè)句子是簡(jiǎn)單句，第二個(gè)句子中，like the sun behind a cloud是狀語(yǔ)，but連接兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列分句，在翻譯時(shí)要注意be hidden from和be capable of的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯方法。
【參考譯文】我們的心理健康并不是真的消失不見(jiàn);就像云朵背后的太陽(yáng)，它也許暫時(shí)被遮擋，但是它也可以在瞬間重?zé)ü饷ⅰ?/p>
48. Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.
【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句主干是Mental health allows us to view others，三個(gè)并列with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，前兩個(gè)with引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)中各包含一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，最后一個(gè)with狀語(yǔ)中包含一個(gè)no matter引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
【參考譯文】心理健康使我們?cè)谒擞龅铰闊⿻r(shí)給予同情，在他人痛苦時(shí)心存善意，而且無(wú)論對(duì)方是誰(shuí)都會(huì)給予無(wú)條件的關(guān)愛(ài)。
49. Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.
【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】本題有一個(gè)由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句，以及that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成。此處“mental health”若是翻譯成心理健康與下文連接，則不符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣，又因mental本身與智力相關(guān)，所以將其翻譯成“健康的心智”;此外“perfectly ordinary”可以正譯，譯為“非常普遍”，本譯文采取正話反說(shuō)的方式，譯為“并不稀奇”。“difficult decisions”若翻譯為“困難的決定”，不符合中文的表達(dá)方式，所以將decision，名詞譯為動(dòng)詞“做決定”。
【參考譯文】盡管擁有健康的心智是我們生活中的萬(wàn)能藥，但它并不稀奇，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在你難以做決定時(shí)，它一直在指引著你。
50. As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.
【句子結(jié)構(gòu)】該句由as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句組成，并且考察代詞“it”。“see”在該句中是“了解”而不是“看到”的意思，前后的knowing可合并翻譯;“available”本意“可得到的”，該句中意譯為“一直存在的”。
【參考譯文】你會(huì)慢慢理解到，明白健康的心智會(huì)一直存在，并且堅(jiān)信這一點(diǎn)，那么此刻我們就可以放慢生活節(jié)奏，快樂(lè)地生活。
考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析 2
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
One morning, a few years ago, Harvard President Neil Rudenstine overslept. 1）Only after a three-month sabbatical ― during which he read essayist Lewis Thomas, listened to Ravel and walked with his wife on a Caribbean beach― was he able to return to his post. That week, his picture was on the cover of Newsweek magazine beside the banner headline “Exhausted!”
In the relentless busyness of modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. I speak with people in business and education, doctors and day-care workers, shopkeepers and social workers, parents and teachers, nurses and lawyers, students and therapists, community activist and cooks. Remarkably, there is a universal refrain: “I am so busy”. The more our life speeds up, the more we feel weary, overwhelmed and lost.
2) Instead, the whole experience of being alive begins to melt into one enormous obligation. It becomes the standard greeting everywhere: “I am so busy”.
We say this to one another with no small degree of pride. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, to be unable to find time for the sunset (or even to know that the sun has set at all), to whiz through our obligations without time for a single mindful breath ― this has become the model of a successful life.
Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We lose the nourishment that gives us succor. We miss the quiet that gives us wisdom. Poisoned by the hypnotic belief that good things come only through tireless effort, we never truly rest.
This is not the world we dreamed of when we were young. How did we get so terribly rushed in a world saturated with work and responsibility, yet somehow bereft of joy and delight?
We have forgotten the Sabbath.
3）It is time to be nourished and refreshed as we let our work, our chores and our important projects lie fallow, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world when we are at rest.
If certain plant species do not lie dormant during winter, the plant begins to die off. 4）
So “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply a lifestyle suggestion. It is a commandment, an ethical precept as serious as prohibitions against killing, stealing and lying.
Sabbath is more than the absence of work. Many of us, in our desperate drive to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, feel terrible guilt when we take time to rest. But the Sabbath has proven its wisdom over the ages. Many of us still recall when not long ago, shops and offices where closed on Sundays. Those quiet Sunday afternoons are embedded in our cultural memory.
Much of modern life is specifically designed to seduce our attention away from rest. When we are in the world with our eyes wide open, the seductions are insatiable.5）For those of us with children, there are endless soccer practices, baseball games, homework, laundry, housecleaning, errands. Every responsibility, every stimulus competes for our attention: Buy me .Do me. Watch me. Try me. Drink me. It is as if we have inadvertently stumbled into some horrific wonderland.
［A］Rest is not just a psychological convenience; it is a biological necessity.
［B］After years of non-stop toil in an atmosphere that rewarded frantic overwork, Rudenstine collapsed.
�。跜］Hundreds of channels of cable and satellite television; phones with multiple lines and call-waiting. begging us to talk to more than one person at a time; mail, e-mail and overnight mail, fax machines; billboards; magazines; newspapers; radio.
�。跠］Sometimes you can have a rest on Sundays. But your heart and soul is no longer quiet.
�。跡］Sabbath is the time that consecrated to enjoy and celebrate what is beautiful and good ― time to light candles, sing songs, worship, tell stories, bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, nap, walk and even make love.
［F］Once upon a time. Sabbath is our heaven. We often walk in the green parks with friends or have a picnic lunch with the family. Listening to the birds on the tree makes me feel peaceful. But whatever happened to Sunday now?
［G］Today our life and work rarely feel light, pleasant or healing.
答案及詳解
1.B。通讀全文，不難掌握大意，作者試圖回答一個(gè)人人都困惑的問(wèn)題“我們的休息日，我們舒適的，輕松的生活哪里去了”。本文用哈佛大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)的例子作引，空白處下首的句子意為“在三個(gè)月休假后，他才能重新工作”說(shuō)明空白處的句子依然談?wù)摰氖切ｉL(zhǎng)當(dāng)時(shí)疲憊的狀況，因此選項(xiàng)B符合要求。
2.G。第三段段首空出，而下句用一個(gè)Instead連接說(shuō)明上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而同時(shí)我們結(jié)合第二段來(lái)分析，第二段主要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的人，不管職業(yè)、年齡、身份，都整日處于奔波勞碌中，所以起到承上啟下作用的選項(xiàng)G是最佳選擇。
3.E。上文是單句段“我們已經(jīng)將禮拜日塵封腦后了”，而下文則提出“家務(wù)事和重要規(guī)劃暫且擱在一邊，讓我們好好享受”承接前文，后面順理成章的回憶了禮拜日快樂(lè)的時(shí)光，最后振臂高呼“讓我們好好享受吧”可見(jiàn)，空白處是關(guān)于對(duì)以往快樂(lè)禮拜日的重現(xiàn)，所以，運(yùn)用了一系列排比句子的選項(xiàng)E很貼切，有極強(qiáng)的感染力。
4.A。 此處答案較為簡(jiǎn)單，從上下文看都有很明顯的暗示，而選項(xiàng)A“休息不僅是心理上的舒適也是生理上的必需”，不但能夠前后呼應(yīng)，而且渾然一體，邏輯十分嚴(yán)密。
5.C。 從上文“我們的欲望是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的”下面列舉了一系列的娛樂(lè)方式，如電視、電話、郵件、傳真等等，意在渲染強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩，以證明“無(wú)窮無(wú)盡”的論點(diǎn)，所以選項(xiàng)C為正確答案。
中心思想
本文引用哈佛大學(xué)的校長(zhǎng)的.例子展開(kāi)全文，指出現(xiàn)在人們的生活越來(lái)越乏味，工作越來(lái)越忙，時(shí)間越來(lái)越不夠用，總是處于疲于奔命的狀態(tài)，原本輕松，愉快的休息日早已銷(xiāo)聲匿跡了，面對(duì)越來(lái)越快的生活節(jié)奏，越來(lái)越多的娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)，我們反而再也找不到往昔的歡樂(lè)，逐漸地在物欲橫流的叫囂聲中迷失了自我。
考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析 3
The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems， and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week： “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”
Ever since the war， the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success： Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university， a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south， and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north， however. With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.
The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.
1.The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to
[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.
[B] slow down the rate of its development.
[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.
[D] develop more quickly than at present.
2.The Norwegian Government has tried to
[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.
[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.
[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.
[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.
3.According to the passage， the oil industry might lead northern Norway to
[A] the development of industry.
[B] a growth in population.
[C] the failure of the development programme.
[D] the development of new towns.
4.In the south， one effect to the development of the oil industry might be
[A] a large reduction on unemployment.
[B] a growth in the tourist industry.
[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.
[D] the development of a number of service industries.
5.Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because
[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.
[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.
[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.
[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.
Vocabulary
1.Norwegian 挪威的;挪威人
2.coastline 海岸線
3.recognition 承認(rèn);認(rèn)識(shí);贊賞
4.countryside 鄉(xiāng)下;鄉(xiāng)民
難句譯注
1.A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】用兩個(gè)分號(hào)連接三句句子。
【參考譯文】一條新的法律限制人們僅在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的海岸線南端以南地區(qū)進(jìn)行勘探考察;規(guī)定了石油生產(chǎn)限量(雖然已提高);石油公司雇傭外國(guó)工人不許超出限定額。
2.With nearly 100 percent employment， everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.
【參考譯文】由于將近百分之一百就業(yè)率，每個(gè)人都能看出形式發(fā)展中服務(wù)行業(yè)和旅游行業(yè)的大部分工人會(huì)跑到石油工業(yè)方面去。
3.Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population， but they are an important part of it， because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian.
【結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)析】復(fù)合句。在because狀語(yǔ)從句中that是定語(yǔ)從句修飾qualities.
【參考譯文】雖然農(nóng)民和漁民并不占人口的絕大多數(shù)，可是他們都是人口的重要組成不分，因?yàn)榕餐嗽谒麄兩砩峡吹皆S多他們自豪地認(rèn)為是挪威人的基本品質(zhì)。
寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意
文章論述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工業(yè)”。采用對(duì)比寫(xiě)法。先提出政府新政策的種種限制。但石油工業(yè)有辦法對(duì)付。人們都認(rèn)為限制難以長(zhǎng)久。其次講述，從戰(zhàn)時(shí)起，挪威政府一直執(zhí)行開(kāi)發(fā)北極圈北部地區(qū)的發(fā)展規(guī)劃，也取得成功。但石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始向南方進(jìn)軍，北方政策可能會(huì)失敗。石油工業(yè)之影響超出北方，有些企業(yè)縮小，減少。最后一段是講爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)：石油對(duì)挪威生活方式構(gòu)成了威脅，具體表現(xiàn)在對(duì)挪威理想的代表――漁民和農(nóng)民的威脅。
答案詳解
1.B 減慢發(fā)展速率。文章開(kāi)始就闡明挪威政府正竭盡全力把石油工業(yè)控制起來(lái)，制定新法律來(lái)限制勘探開(kāi)采，限制產(chǎn)量，限制雇傭外國(guó)工人人數(shù)。
A. 為外國(guó)工人提供更多的工作。C.賣(mài)掉正在國(guó)外生產(chǎn)的石油。D.比現(xiàn)在發(fā)展更快。
2.D 使石油工業(yè)保持在接近現(xiàn)在的規(guī)模。
A. 鼓勵(lì)石油公司去發(fā)現(xiàn)新石油資源。B.制止石油公司雇傭來(lái)自挪威北方的'人。C.幫助石油公司解決許多問(wèn)題。
3.C 發(fā)展規(guī)劃的失敗。這在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工業(yè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始把人們吸引到南方去，所以不出幾年，整個(gè)北方政策可能成泡影�！�
A.工業(yè)發(fā)展。B.人口增長(zhǎng)。D.新城市的發(fā)展。文內(nèi)沒(méi)有涉及。
4.C 現(xiàn)存工業(yè)數(shù)的減少。第三段開(kāi)始“可是石油工業(yè)的影響并不僅僅限于北方。近百分之一百的就業(yè)率，使每個(gè)人都見(jiàn)到發(fā)展的勢(shì)頭，服務(wù)業(yè)和旅游業(yè)的好多工人轉(zhuǎn)向石油工業(yè)。某些較小的工業(yè)，在從國(guó)外購(gòu)進(jìn)貨物更便宜的情況下，很可能會(huì)全部消失。”這說(shuō)明工業(yè)數(shù)減少。
A.大大減少失業(yè)。B.旅游行業(yè)增長(zhǎng)。D.許多服務(wù)公司發(fā)展。文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提。
5.B 他們的生活和價(jià)值代表了挪威人的理想。
A.他們組成了那么大一部分挪威理想。C.他們的工作對(duì)挪威社會(huì)的其他方面非常有用。D.他們認(rèn)為石油是對(duì)挪威生活方式的威脅。最后一段第一句話：“對(duì)石油真正的爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)是它對(duì)挪威生活方式的一種威脅�！辈⒉皇撬麄冋J(rèn)為威脅。
【考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題及答案解析】相關(guān)文章：
考研英語(yǔ)二閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案解析07-04
2017考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解練習(xí)試題08-09
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解答案解析10-15
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)試題及答案10-22
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解真題答案解析07-01